The American Industrial Life For The Mass Of Americans By...

Discussion 1: Question 1: When Zinn refers to industrialists like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller as â€Å"robber barons† he means that those industrialists are taking all the wealth and privileges for themselves and not sharing them with the rest of the country. When Schweikart and Allen refer to the industrialists as â€Å"titans of industry† they mean that they revolutionized the way of their industry and made their products cheaper and better and easier to produce. Question 2: A People’s History of the United States better explains the roles of the industrial elite in late nineteenth-century American history because it’s based purely off fact and it illustrates both the good and bad of the industrial elite at the time. Question 3: Schweikart and Allen and Zinn describe urban-industrial life for the mass of Americans by what they didn’t have and what they were fighting for, not by what they already had. The difference is that Zinn described how bad their lives were while Schweikart and Allen described how the people were trying to change their lives. This shows that although the general idea of how the masses did not have exactly what they wanted, how they went about getting what they wanted is different depending on the source. Question 4: Zinn’s interpretation of late nineteenth-century labor unions and strikes differs from Schweikart and Allen’s by Zinn tells all the bad of the labor unions and strikes while Schweikart and Allen tell all the good of the labor unions andShow MoreRelatedImportant Factors Leading to the Gilded Age Essay1749 Words   |  7 Pages After the Civil War, the Second American Industrial Revolution or Gilded Age made the Americans the most industrialized people in the world. This economic phenomenon was unprecedented in history. There were several factors that led the American economic prowess and prosperity. The Americans were blessed with natural resources and a liberal immigration policy to ensure steady work force. Yet, the most important factors were technological innovation and entrepreneurial ability. As America pushedRead MoreThe Rise of Big Business1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe Rise of Big Business The decades after the Civil War rapidly changed the face of the United States. The rapid industrialization of the nation changed us from generally agrarian to the top industrial power in the world. Business tycoons thrived during this time, forging great business empires with the use of trusts and pools. Farmers moved to the cities and into the factories, living off wages and changing the face of the workforce. This rapid industrialization created wide gaps in society,Read More Big Business and The Robber Barons Essay1473 Words   |  6 Pages The decades after the Civil War rapidly changed the face of the United States. The rapid industrialization of the nation changed us from generally agrarian to the top industrial power in the world. Business tycoons thrived during this time, forging great business empires with the use of trusts and pools. Farmers moved to the cities and into the factories, living off wages and changing the face of the workforce. This rapid industrialization created wide gaps in society, and the government, whichRead MoreThe Legacy Of John Davison Rockefeller1656 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Davison Rockefeller was one of the captains of industry during the gilded age, and is most known for his numerous philanthropies in his later years; however, most people are unaware of his exploitation of America’s free capitalistic enterprise to amass a fortune, the likes of which this country had never seen before. Rockefeller’s company, Standard Oil, helped America explode as an industrial superpowe r on the world stage and, in the process, allowed Rockefeller to amass a billion dollar fortuneRead MoreIndustrialization After Civil War1523 Words   |  7 Pagesthe U.S. society, economy, and politics by the technological advances that were being introduced. The railroad industry, textile manufactures, mining, and mechanical tools are just a few of the many examples that were being introduced during the Industrial Revolution. These few examples are what changed the workforce atmosphere as we know it today, and opened many new doors for U.S. society to gain new skills that would be continued into modern society. 2. Identify three (3) major aspectsRead MoreThe Civil War And The Reconstruction Period Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction: American Industrialization emerged from the ruins of the Civil War and the †¦ of the Reconstruction Period. Spurred by the new manufacturing technologies brought over from Great Britain, and the rest of Europe, factories and mills began emerging across the American landscape, slowly transforming the United States from an agrarian society to one increasingly industrialized and urbanized. From 1860-1900, the nation of rural towns, local crafts, family farms, and regional businessRead MoreJohn D. Rockefeller, Sr.2537 Words   |  11 Pages$340 billion. This amount, according to Forbes’s website, is John D. Rockefeller, Sr.’s net wealth in today’s dollars. Mr. Rockefeller built his fortune through the oil industry. He founded the Standard Oil Company, which owned about 90% of American refineries and pipelines. Although John D. Rockefeller, Sr. is arguably the richest man in United States history, he was also a deeply despised man. According to PBS’s vid eo on the Rockefellers, he kept a revolver near his bedside because of death and kidnappingRead Morefamous people1742 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant words in American history: â€Å"All men are created equal.† 4 Franklin Delano Roosevelt He said, â€Å"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself,† and then he proved it. 5 Alexander Hamilton Soldier, banker, and political scientist, he set in motion an agrarian nation’s transformation into an industrial power. 6 Benjamin Franklin The Founder-of-all-trades— scientist, printer, writer, diplomat, inventor, and more; like his country, he contained multitudes. 7 John Marshall TheRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution : A Great Period Of Time Essay2283 Words   |  10 PagesEssay The period of time known as â€Å"The Industrial Revolution† was a great period of time filled with rapid industrialization. The industrialization began in Great Britain, but did manage to spread quickly throughout the rest of the world. Managing to leave a rather substantial impact on the United States. So much so that the industrialization that took place in America is commonly referred to as â€Å"the second industrial revolution†. The second industrial revolution took shape in the nineteenth centuryRead MoreJohn D. Rockefeller as a Robber Baron Essay3605 Words   |  15 PagesJohn D. Rockefeller as a Robber Baron A robber baron was someone who employed any means necessary to enrich themselves at the expense of their competitors. Did John D. Rockefeller fall into that category or was he one of the captains of industry, whose shrewd and innovative leadership brought order out of industrial chaos and generated great fortunes that enriched the public welfare through the workings of various philanthropic agencies that these leaders established? In the early 1860s

Racial Discrimination in To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

To kill a mockingbird is an extremely powerful book highlighting the horrors of racial discrimination in the â€Å"Deep South† of the United States of America. Discuss. To kill a mockingbird is an extremely powerful book highlighting the horrors of racial discrimination in the â€Å"Deep South† of the United States of America. It focuses on the racial issues concerning a staunch, typically â€Å"white† country town in the â€Å"Deep South.† This essay however deals with the various trials and tribulations endured by a young girl during her schooling years. The story is told from the perspective of the young girl, Jean Louise Finch, affectionately known as Scout. Beginning with the first grade, we were introduced to Scout’s first grade†¦show more content†¦The Walter Cunningham incident is of particular importance. It gives us some insight into what country life was during the ‘40’s, giving us insight into the character of the country folk of Maycomb. This character sketch is shown to us by Walter Cunningham’s refusal to accept money and the Cunningham family’s inability to repay Atticus in cash but persevere nonetheless to repay him in what ever means they can. This shows that they are humble yet sincere folk and that their word is their bond. The Burris Ewell incident gives us even more insight into Maycomb country life. The people of Maycomb county, mostly the poor farmers, had a disregard for the importance of education. The Ewells attending only the first day of every school year and Walter Cunningham unable to pass the first grade because of helping his father with the crops are classic examples of the disregard, or more importantly, the underestimation of the importance of education by the Maycomb county parents. The Burris Ewell incident did not only show the disregard for education but also strengthened the apparent aura of strangeness emitted by Miss Caroline to the class. The class could not understand why she had such a fear for cooties as to them it was normal. The arrival of Dill Harris every holidays meant change, excitement andShow MoreRelatedRacial Discrimination In To Kill A Mockingbird848 Words   |  4 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in the 1930’s. The story stretches over a span of three years through the duration of the Great Depression. The Jim Crow laws â€Å"was a system of segregation and discrimination that barred black Americans from a status equal to that of white Americans,† as described by Tsahai Tafari (1). In To Kill a Mockingbird, Jean Louise â€Å"Scout† Finch occasionally acknowledges the social separation between African Americans and Caucasians in Maycomb. The institutionalRead MoreEffects Of Racial Discrimination In To Kill A Mockingbird1526 Words   |  7 PagesRacial discrimination is when you treat someone differently based on the color of their skin or when you think different races exist in the world. Racial discrimination comes in two different forms extrinsic and intrinsic. Extrinsic is when you believe that a certain race is bad. Intrinsic racism is when you have a specific hatred towards a certain race. To Kill a Mockingbird, a novel that shows many forms of racial discrimination that was written b y Harper Lee in the 1960’s. In To Kill a MockingbirdRead MoreRacial Discrimination In To Kill A Mockingbird Analysis1122 Words   |  5 PagesRacial discrimination in To Kill a Mockingbird To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, published in July 11, 1960, shows the discrimination throughout the small town of Maycomb. Scout, the daughter of a white lawyer named Atticus, tells what she saw while she was growing up. Harper Lee uses foreshadowing throughout the entire story. When Atticus defends Tom Robinson in an alleged rape case. The people of Maycomb automatically start calling him, Scout, and Jem â€Å"nigger-lovers† for defending a black manRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Racism : Segregation And Violence1400 Words   |  6 PagesSegregation and Violence Racial discrimination affects many minority groups and this issue still occurs to this day. Racial discrimination is the act of treating others differently because of the color of their skin. Although there have been laws placed to prohibit racial discrimination, racism still occurs and continues to have many negative effects to minority groups today. The negative effects of racial discrimination are discussed in the fiction novel, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, the nonfictionRead MoreAnalysis Of Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 1491 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee’s ​ To Kill a Mockingbird ​ is a critically acclaimed, Pulitzer Prize winning novel that instantly attained its position as one of the greatest literary classics (Editors).The story of Scout Finch’s childhood has become one of the most notable narratives that addresses controversial issues present in the early 20th century. Lee’s novel depicts themes of race, justice, and innocence throughout the novel. Although ​ To Kill a Mockingbird​ is regarded as a literary masterpiece in AmericanRead MoreRacial Discrimination And Its Effects On People And Society1653 Words   |  7 PagesRacial discrimination has many effects on people and the society, and these effects are mostly negative. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee, the author, demonstrates racial discrimination and its effects through Tom Robinson s case. Tom Robinson is accused of raping and beating Mayella, and Atticus Finch is the man who steps up to defend this innocent man in the town of Maycomb, where everyone was decided from racial prejudice. In the three following sources, Montgomery Boycott, White PeopleRead MoreThe South : Controversial Topics On Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird1475 Words   |  6 Pagesin Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is a critically acclaimed, Pulitzer Prize winning novel that instantly attained its position as one of the greatest literary classics (Editors).The story of Scout Finch’s childhood has become one of the most notable narratives that addresses controversial issues present in the early 20th century. Lee’s novel depicts themes of race, justice, and innocence throughout the novel. Although To Kill a Mockingbird is regarded as a literaryRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Racism Analysis1348 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee wrote, â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† during a racial period in her home state of Alabama. This was when the South was still segregated, forcing blacks to use separate facilities apart from those used by whites. The Civil Rights movement started to become more active when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955. During this period, Martin Luther King, Jr., became the leader of the movement, and the issue began to gain serious national attention. This isRead MoreRacial Segregation And The United Arab Emirates1422 Words   |  6 Pagesthe UAE has created a dynamic entrepreneurial environment for international investors. The finan To Kill a Mockingbird, produced in 1962, is an exquisite film adored by many. This classic trial displayed drama and established a childhood innocence from the narration of an adult’s point-of-view, which captivates the viewers’ attention throughout the entire film. To Kill a Mockingbird uses dynamic historical references, narrative structure, and editing to contrast the problem of the racism andRead MoreThe Scottsboro Trials And Racial Prejudice1707 Words   |  7 Pages Can racial bias have an effect on the verdict of being guilty or innocent? The American judicial courtroom has been comprised of the nation’s many greatest racial discriminatory cases over the past century, but the most racially upstanding case, when referring to Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird includes The Scottsboro Trials. Both stories uprise in the 1930s, displaying a white supremacist mindset, which two cases fall into the conviction of rape. The Scottsboro case started on a train to northern

Chester Wilmot Essay Example For Students

Chester Wilmot Essay Though this student looked in Whos Who and Contemporary Authors,no information on Chester Wilmot could be found. One consideredsearching the Directory of American Scholars, but that would notbe helpful since he is from Australia. In The Struggle for Europe, Wilmot seeks to explain severalpoints. First, he explores and explains how the western alliessucceeded militarily but failed politically during World War II. He then elaborates on how and why the western allies crushed theNazi regime; yet, they allowed the Soviet Union to overtakeEastern Europe and block the Atlantic Charter from taking effectin those nations. Third, the author discusses Hitlers defeatand Stalins victory. Fourthly, he endeavors on a mission toexplain how the Soviet Union replaced Germany as the dominantEuropean power. Beginning with the Battle of Britain, the book takes the readerthrough the war up to the surrender of Germany. In this processWilmot touches on Hitlers alliance with Mussolini, Hitlersconquest of France, the Lowlands, and the Balkans, and the Nazidictators collapse in the expansion of the Soviet Union. Theauthor strategically builds the Allied alliance, through thebooks course, and he uses the Normandy invasion to illustrateits full effectiveness. Also included are discussions on theconcessions granted to Stalin by the Allies in general, andFranklin D. Roosevelt in particular. President Rooseveltbelieved that Stalin wanted security for his country with noterritorial acquisitions in mind. In order to give the Sovietleader his second front in Europe, FDR also put the Japaneseproblem in the Pacific aside. By providing the reader with first-hand quotes and writings fromthe Nazi war machines hierarchy, Wilmot looks at the externaland internal workings of the German Wehrmacht in meticulousdetail. The U-boat campaign, the inadequacies of the Luftwaffe,and the shortcomings of the Panzer divisions are discussed. Thewar, from April 1940 to May 1945, is expertly covered. Hedetails various meetings of Allied and Axis partners, variousbattles, and various strategies. In this study, the author usedvery readable and easily accessible language. Events aredescribed in good detail and his ideas are well related. Theemphasis of The Struggle for Europe seems to be on two majortopics that are stated in the preface. The first topic dealsexclusively with the defeat of Germany. The second topic dealswith the alliance between the United States and Great Britain. By covering the defeat of the German armed forces on the western,eastern, and Mediterranean fronts, he gives reasons for theirevery failure. Throughout the book, statistics are givenrepresenting German war production in terms of tanks, planes,guns, vehicles, soldiers, and ships. The second topic is probed in almost as much detail as thefirst. Wilmot describes the western alliance from very near thebooks beginning. He details Churchill and Roosevelts closefriendship and partnership during the war. He skillfully dealswith the United States being the number two man in the alliancesbeginning and how the U.S. slowly emerges as the premier partnertoward the end of the hostilities. The reason these two topicscome to the forefront is due to the fact that the struggle in thewest engrossed the defeat of Germany by the western alliancealong with the Soviet Union. The Struggle for Europe is verywell organized. The books organization develops alongchronological lines beginning with the Battle of Britain. Theauthor proceeds through the work hitting on all the key quotes,speeches, conferences, battles, and decisions that occurredduring the war. Each chapter is organized along the same line asthe course of events happened during the war. Backgroundinformation is insightfull y given before and during most eventsdescribed, so that even one with very little WWII knowledge canunderstand the event being discussed. The extra background alsohelps expand the knowledge of the most avid WWII followers. .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 , .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 .postImageUrl , .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 , .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6:hover , .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6:visited , .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6:active { border:0!important; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6:active , .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: THE INVASION OF NORMANDY EssayThe Struggle for Europe deals fairly with both the Allied andAxis situations and decisions. Wilmot gives equal discussiontime to both sides in regards to strategy, view point, andmilitary standing. The books overall organization exemplifiesitself in terms of its thoroughness and readability.Hetouches on almost every aspect of the European theater in 717pages using many sources gathered from various locations. Thesources used include diaries, primary and secondary books,speeches, German and Russian archive material, U.S. Governmentrecords, and interviews. His sources were far more thanadequate. The author definitely proves all of his points to somedegree with some ideas being more justified than others. Heproves that the western allies did win the war militarily whilelosing Eastern Europe to the Soviets, politically. Wilmot alsoshows how the Soviets skillfully maneuvered into the top positionon the European continent after the fall of the Nazis. Withtremendous skill, he also describes the demise of the Germanarmed forces from its height of power in 1941 to its destructionin April 1945. His points are satisfactorily proven with onlytwo flaws. In this reviewers opinion, the first flaw pertains to the bookslength of discussion. Unless one is deeply interested indetailed facts and events of the European theater, The Strugglefor Europe might be excessive. In this regard then, the bookfails for someone seeking a brief overview of the Europeantheater. This is so because it contains so very much. However,for those knowledge of WWII in great depth, this book is ideal. For example, this student could really use the book. The secondflaw pertains to the beginning of the book. The author totallydisregards the Poland campaign and he only briefly mentions thefall of France. With only a few comments about Poland, he jumpsalmost right into the Battle of Britain with just slight commentabout France. The struggle in Poland is essential to anydiscussion of the European theater. Outside of those two flaws, with the length of the book not beinga problem, The Struggle for Europe magnificently covers the war. Wilmot succeeds in delivering a thorough history of the war inEurope by all accounts. In conclusion, the book provides a veryfine and accurate description of the intricacies of WWII inEurope. For anyone seeking in-depth knowledge on the Europeantheater, this book is almost a must. The book is further usefulbecause not only does it serve a history of WWII, but as ahistory of warfare in general. He gives great insight topolitical alliances and agreements. For this student, the bookstands as one of the most informative books written on WWII inEurope.

Procurement and Supply Chain Management for News- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theProcurement and Supply Chain Management for News. Answer: The letter is based on the news article that was published about the conditions of the daily workers in the one of largest milk processor in Australia. The title of the article as given by the Herald read as "Australia's largest milk producer to close factories, 360 jobs lost". The article provides an overview of the condition of Murray Goulburn, one of the largest milk supply chains in Australia. The fall in the price of milk created problems in the dairy industry for the past year. Most of the farmers owned thousands of dollars due to the co-operative brand at the time of falling of the prices. The decision taken to improve the financial condition of the farmers cost the jobs of the people working in the factories (Heraldsun.com.au. 2017). The letter criticises the manner in which the news was presented to the public. The letter is addressed to the editor of the Australian Herald pointing out the flaws in the article and the ways to improve in the future. In order to ensure that the news provided to the people can be understood in a proper manner, it is necessary to provide the background of the topic. In this case, the news article focuses on the supply chain management that went wrong in Murray Goulburn. According to Christopher (2016), supply chain management deals with the overview of materials, information and finances of a company. The supply chain process follows in a systematic manner starting from the manufacturers to the customers. The coordination and integration of the flow are conducted with the use of supply chain management within companies (Rushton, Croucher and Baker 2014). The concept of supply chain management can provide a clear idea in the mind of the people before they begin to read the article. Such a concept was missing from the article published by the Herald. The article described the issue directly with the use of the term supply chain management only once. This can prove to be a problem for the people readi ng the article, as most people have no idea about the concept of supply chain management and the fact that it can lead to loss of jobs. Hence, this is one criticism that the article can face based on the lack of clarity provided by the concept. Another important critic that can be drawn from the article is the fact that the article provides a very brief discussion of the event. The fact that the closure of factories can lead to loss of jobs and the fact that this may lead to problems in the dairy industries in Tasmania and Victoria are all that is provided in the article. The investment made by the farmers on the co-op is stated because the company had misled the farmers. The reason behind the misleading of the farmers is not stated clearly in the article. Many factors such as low monetary stability, excess employment and so on can lead a company to mislead its works. Hence, farmers owed debts to the co-op in order to cover up the tracks of the company (Stadtler 2015). A similar situation occurred in Murray Goulburn where farmers were asked to pay the co-op and ended up being in debt. The reason behind the fall in the price of milk is also not stated in the article. The article provides a vague reference to the fact that du e to the fall in the price of milk farmers lost more than thousand dollars that were invested. The reason behind the fall of prices of milk needs to be clearly stated in order to avoid similar conditions in the future. Moreover, such information can help other dairy organisations to avoid such a tragedy in their workplace and save the jobs of the employees (Monczka et al. 2015). Hence, the interview of the managers of other dairy organisations was required to be taken by the newspaper. Despite these criticisms, the article provides an excellent description of the topic. The article gives an amount of people that may be affected due to the loss of jobs. The fact that the article provides the good side of the company is also appreciated. It has been stated that supply chain management requires companies to maintain good financial stability. This is important as maintaining a proper supply chain requires financial stability of an organisation (Maloni et al. 2015). Despite fall in prices of milk, Murray Goulburn was able to pay the farmers and relieve them off their debts. The fact that the article highlighted this segment is a big positive factor for the article. This denotes the fact that news article does not always portray news that consist of negative information about the topic or item of interest. Another positive factor of the article is the fact that display of comments made by the chief executive. This is a positive fact, as it is not easy to gain comments of a person ranked in senior posts of an organisation after some tragic incidents that are of national importance (Dekker et al. 2013). The article managed to provide a brief point of view of the chief executive and provide the thoughts of the company concerning this tragedy. The recommendation about the future step that is to be taken by the managers of Murray Goulburn is not stated in the article. It is not necessary for the editors to provide recommendations based on the topic, however, the article could have provided reviews about managers of other organisations and identify the thought process going on in other dairy organisations. This could help the article gain more praise and ensure that dairy organisations in the country identify the potential threats that exist in the economy of Australia. The factors that led to the fall in the price of the milk in the country could have been analysed by managers of other organisations. Mangan and Lalwani (2016) stated that a catastrophe that can hit the supply chain of one organisation could be critical for other organisations as well. Hence, the opinion of other managers is required in order to understand the seriousness of the issue. The article lacked this factor in presenting its case to the public. Thus, despite the positive results of the article, the fact that it also failed to incorporate the relevant information makes the critic of the article stronger. It is a request to the editor to keep these points in mind while writing about national news in the future Thus, it can be concluded that the article based on the supply chain management in the Australian dairy organisation has been met with a lot of criticism. The criticism has come due to the failure of the article to provide the concept of supply chain management and a proper description of the scenario. The criticism needs to be taken as part of the recommendation for the editor. The strong point of the article was the fact that the interview of the chief executive was taken and published in order to provide an insight into the thought of the senior managers of Murray Goulburn. The negative critics are more because the article lacked clarity and proper description about the occurrence of such an issue. In order to improve the article, the editor needs to ensure that proper information about the topic is provided. It can be helpful to get the interviews of other business organisations regarding the matter that has been investigated . Yours Sincerely, ABC Bibliography Christopher, M. 2016.Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Dekker, R., Fleischmann, M., Inderfurth, K. and van Wassenhove, L.N. eds., 2013.Reverse logistics: quantitative models for closed-loop supply chains. Springer Science Business Media. Heraldsun.com.au. (2017).Herald Sun | Breaking News from Melbourne and Victoria | Herald Sun. [online] Available at: https://www.heraldsun.com.au/ [Accessed 17 Oct. 2017]. Maloni, M., Carter, C., Kaufmann, L. and Rogers, Z., 2015. Publication Productivity in the Supply Chain Management Discipline. Mangan, J. and Lalwani, C., 2016.Global logistics and supply chain management. John Wiley Sons. Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., and Patterson, J. L. 2015.Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Rushton, A., Croucher, P. and Baker, P., 2014.The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Stadtler, H. 2015. Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Waters, D. and Rinsler, S., 2014.Global logistics: New directions in supply chain management. Kogan Page Publishers. Wisner, J.D., Tan, K.C. and Leong, G.K., 2014.Principles of supply chain management: A balanced approach. Cengage Learning.

Internationalization and Global Expansion of Westfarmers limited

Introduction The company overview Westfarmers Ltd is amongst the biggest retail chains in Australia. The company was established in 1945 with the objective of providing consumers with high quality and reliable products that met their aspirations of getting value for their money. Because of the firm’s concerted efforts, it achieved exceptional growth and is now amongst the largest listed retail firms and employers in the country.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Internationalization and Global Expansion of Westfarmers limited specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currently, the firm is highly diversified offering varying products and services to its consumers (Westfarmers, Limited, 2012). Presently, the company’s main objective is to increase its brand awareness within the Australian market and establish itself in the international market. In addition, the company aims to establish and increase its brand loyalty in major Asian emerging markets such as India and China. The main reason why Westfarmers limited is planning to expand and establish into the Indian and Chinese markets is to increase its global market share. Currently many retail chains are expanding globally, particularly in the emerging economies because of the massive potential they provide in terms of constantly increasing demand for consumer goods (Westfarmers, Limited 2012). The reason why India and China continue to remain the major targets for international expansion is the immense potential for rapid economic growth and rise in consumer spending. Currently, the two countries hold the world’s largest and fastest growing middle-class with constantly increasing spending patterns on consumer products. Rapid economic growth and easy availability of natural and human resources at lower costs will enable the firm to operate at low-cost, thereby increasing its competitive advantage. This paper will analyze the inter nationalization policy of Westfarmers Ltd with the basic objective of answering the crucial issue of what strategies it will have to adopt and what actions it will have to take in becoming a major player in the global market. This question will be best answered by deciding and justifying the paths that the company will take while working towards achieving success in relation to its positioning, use of resources and effectively functioning within the institutional frameworks of its chosen businesses in the new markets.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The main objective of this report lies in making the right recommendations that will ensure successful implementation of short and long term strategies in order to increase its market share and thus to achieve financial success in a highly competitive globalized business environment. Situation analysis Company analysis Westfarme rs limited is a publicly listed Australian company specializing in retail chains including super markets and chain stores. In meeting up with its international expansion plans, the company intends to increase its brand awareness and to establish and increase its brand loyalty in major Asian markets such as India and China. Given that the global retail industry is slated to grow exponentially in the next five years, it is beneficial for Westfarmers to expand into China and India, which are currently the fastest growing economies providing massive potential for firms to tap the growing markets in these countries. In Australia, Westfarmers’ market share is robust with expected growth of 1.67% annually and this growth in its market share is driven by the popularity of its brands particularly among the middle-income earners. Westfaarmers has demonstrated exceptional financial results, which is evident from the financial numbers in its balance sheet and financial statements provide d in the Appendix to this paper. It is pertinent to note in this regard that the economies of China and India are also growing very fast because of the increasing size of the middle class that are now having greater disposable incomes to spend on consumer goods. Westfarmers limited is in a strong position to tap this huge potential and grab a larger share of these markets. Westfarmers will use its brands in meeting the demands of the growing middle class in these countries, particularly for consumer goods and once it becomes popular it can hope to become a leader in the retail market. However, the retail industry is highly competitive and volatile because of the presence of major global brands as well as well established local brands, which means that Westfarmers will have to operate in a highly competitive environment (Rawski, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Internationalization and Global Expansion of Westfarmers limited specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although retail markets in China and India are growing, they are being tapped by many other international retail chains (Aulakh Kotabe, 2007). Nevertheless, if Westfarmers is able to make a strong presence in these markets, it will generate over ten billion dollars of revenues in the next five years. Competitor and industry analysis Porters Five Forces The Porters Five Forces model is highly useful in understanding the competitive environment in which Westfarmers will operate in the new markets (Porter, 2000). Customers will have greater bargaining power because Westfarmers products can easily be substituted by products offered by other retailers, meaning that the company’s position is weakened because of these circumstances. The bargaining power of suppliers is not very high because of the large numbers of companies that strive to supply consumer goods at the lowest possible prices. It is very easy for Westfarmers to swit ch and change its suppliers if their products or services are not in keeping with its expectations. At the same time, it has to be provided that despite the presence of large numbers of suppliers it is not practical to change them frequently (Dunning, 2003). The threat of new entrants is very high in the retail industry, which is why Westfarmers will have to go into additional cost to maintain its brand loyalty and promote new products. Competitive rivalry in the retail sector is very high in view of the large size of the operators and their ability to enter new markets (Wernerfelt, 2009). SWOT analysis The SWOT analysis allows for determining the company’s internal strengths and weaknesses, thus providing a basis to work towards removing the weaknesses and making the strengths stronger. In addition threats and opportunities are identified, which allows for the framing of appropriate proactive policies to achieve organizational goals (Davies Ellis 2000, p.1190). The biggest strength of Westfarmers is its market leadership, which allows it to have unparalleled competitive advantage and a strong basis to go ahead with its globalization strategy. It’s already diversified structure allows it to alter its product mix in meeting customer expectations, which results in enhanced sales. The company’s differentiation policy clearly demarcates its products from its competitors.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Staff members are highly skilled and enjoy shared values, which lead to common goals. In addition, Westfarmers enjoys an excellent reputation in Australia because it has consistently provided value to customers (Belin Pham, 2007). A major weakness of the company is that its differentiated strategy is not effectively communicated to consumers. The company distribution channels have not yet fully developed to allow speedy delivery of the products to the consumers. Sometimes, the company’s business model is not adaptable to the changes that might take place in the market particularly in hard economic times when smaller formats may be preferable to the consumers (Porter, 2000). Westfarmers has several opportunities because of the fact that its target market is the largest segment demographically and the growth in the disposable income among the middle class appears to be high. In addition, Westfarmers’ expansionist strategy ensures its absorption and mergers with companie s that offer direct competition (Porter, 2000). Westfarmers has already established strong and long-term relationship with the suppliers thereby reducing most of the supply costs. Therefore, clients’ dependency hitherto established and developed is another opportunity for the Westfarmers management to thrive. Threats for Westfarmers have surfaced by way of the ability of smaller competitors to enter the market with lesser investments, while being able to erode its customer base. In addition to the threats of new entrants, small and medium sized firms and larger corporations offer substitute products. The declining revenue because of such developments may affect the company expansion strategy. China and India, where Westfarmers plans to expand do not have a stable regulatory In addition, the firm is planning to invest in countries with structure, which means there is risk in making such huge investments. The expansionist strategies Westfarmers is a highly diversified company a nd therefore requires strong corporate strategy to expand into the international market. The diversification is in both product and in operations. The company started with a single product line and operation. However, by 2010, the company has diversified into various business operations offering numerous product and service lines. The Westfarmers expansion strategy will enable the firm diversify into more product line as well as the market as the international markets will offer more opportunities for growth and development. The corporate strategy applied by the company Westfarmers is using related corporate strategy where the company is using its operations to expand and remain competitive into the market. Since the company was already in the retail and related industry, the major issue in the corporate strategy is how to put together its operations to boost its combined performance, leverage its value chain fits and establish its investment priorities. The company will use its lon g-term trends in its expansionist strategies including takeovers mergers and acquisitions. Besides its organized franchise strategy, the company is efficient in its value chain management. The company products are distributed to the franchisees stores within the shortest time possible before its competitors. The way the company manages its distribution channels add value and make the corporation be more competitive. The business level strategy applied by the company Even though the company is selling similar merchandise, the products are highly differentiated making the Westfarmers’ products unique and attractive in the market. In essence, the Westfarmers’ products are differentiated from the competitions in terms of price and appearance. Westfarmers ensures that all the products needed by the customers are present in their stores and offer value to the customers. With technological advantage in operations, the company offers products at low cost. In other words, the c ompany products are affordable and are of high quality compared to the competing products. In addition, the company first position in the industry has enabled its products to be sold globally particularly on new markets. The innovativeness in the product line has also increased the company competitiveness in both domestic and international markets. The company functional and entrepreneurial strategy Westfarmers is taking any opportunity to market its products or introduce its products into the market. The company is taking advantage of its efficient supply chain management and distribution to ensure that its products reach the market. In fact, the company well developed supply chain and distribution increases its competitive advantage. The firm uses its supply chain and distribution functions to expand quickly into the new market. The international expansion strategies Westfarmers is dedicated to provide international clients with the best products that would give them the best usab ility experience. The peripherals and services have driven the company to open up its operations in the major emerging markets particularly in China. Westfarmers expansion approach is to create a balance between its exceptional capability to devise and build up its own products that would provide its clients the best qualities that they are looking for and offering solutions to their needs. Together with other expansion policies, Westfarmers keeps on developing and advancing the stage for retailing innovative products as well as offering the best quality and standardized consumer products all over the globe. As a result, the company is planning to open up its operations in China due to the fast growth in GDP and the larger market (Alfaro et al., 2004). Currently China economic growth is surpassing that of US and Japan making the country attractive for consumer product investments. The growing global consumer products market is an opportunity for the company particularly in countries like China, which is experiencing economic boom. Moreover, the huge population and increasing application of Westfarmers’ products by the middle-class generation offer a potential market. Moreover, the innovative capabilities of the company are another opportunity to introduce new products into this large market (Blomstermo et al., 2006). Besides economic growth and market opportunities, the international operations offer an opportunity for the company to produce commodities at low cost (Alfaro et al., 2004). The company’s Chinese subsidiary will operates at low wages compared to that in Australia. In addition, the operations in China will reduce the distribution cost thus enabling the company to offer its products at competitive prices (Chen Mujtaba, 2007). The Chinese subsidiary is strategically located to serve and meet the demands of the locals. In essence, the company is taking advantage of the benefits the foreign country offers towards its operations while ret aining its technological aspects (Anders, 2008). The country operation advantages include the cost of factors of production such as labor cost, factor endowment such as availability of supplies as well as the reduced distribution costs. The technological aspects that the company has to retained include research and development along with the defining managerial procedures (Chen Mujtaba, 2007). Therefore, the company has to come up with an expansion strategy that will ensure the realization of the goals. Various expansion strategies are available to the firm to establish and position within the international market. Entering into the international market comes with increased costs and risks. Therefore, firms must be critical while deciding on the international market entry modes. Firms, while expanding into the international markets can apply several strategies. However, for retail companies such as Westfarmers, franchising, joint ventures and utterly held auxiliaries will be the mo st appropriate. Franchising Westfarmers can utilize the business knowledge of other retail chains acting as a franchisee in host countries to expand the company’s business activities. In this strategy, Westfarmers is supposed to provide capital, technical skills, and business expertise. The firm can use this mode in countries where there is uncertainty in political and economic conditions as in the case of China (Arregle et al., 2006). The uncertainty in the foreign markets makes this mode of entry more suitable for retail chains. The major advantage of this mode is that the company does not need to bear the costs and risks related to development and entry into the new market (Aulakh Kotabe, 2007). The cutback in overheads and threats allied to charters enlarges the corporation’s efficacy in searching for the fresh marketplace. However, the corporation will hardly have any power over the trade dealings mostly where the by-laws call for the businesses to observe the em inence ideals. Moreover, in the circumstances that the franchisee does not strictly obey the agreed rules and regulations, the firm can easily fail in this strategy. Joint ventures This is the most commonly used entry mode by firms including retail chains all over the world (Arregle et al., 2006). The entry mode requires that the Westfarmers form an alliance with similar firm in the foreign country in order to attain the greater position in the market. In most cases, the joint venture involves equal share of costs and benefits (Blomstermo et al., 2006). Nevertheless, the businesses functions as well as operations are regularly detached from the company control. Moreover, the supervisory tasks are analogous and mutual by each corporation. In order to achieve stringent direction and have superior allocation entitlements, Westfarmers will have to devote additional finance to the mutual schemes. The advantage with this entry mode is that risks and costs are shared (Arregle et al., 2006) . In addition, Westfarmers would gain market knowledge from the joint venture firm as well as explore the foreign market with the help of the other firm with political and economic issues put into consideration. With little regard to the conflicts that might arise from the joint venture, Westfarmers take advantage of the local firm’s capability of influencing the local government to allow the company to enter, establish, and dominate the markets. Utterly held auxiliaries This is the best entry mode for the Westfarmers. Utterly held subsidiary mean that the company will have total control of all its operations. In other words, Westfarmers will have to cuddle a hundred percent allotment of the far-off units. For the firm to own a subsidiary, Westfarmers must establish a new entity with full operations into this market or fully acquire an existing firm (Davies Ellis 2000, p.1190). The acquired firm must be well built within the industry. Westfarmers stand to gain a lot from thi s mode as the company can easily promote the products and services. However, there are increased costs associated with this mode of entry (Arregle et al., 2006). Recommendations Foreign investments in India and China are required to be made through the FDI (Foreign Direct Investments) route by making applications to the respective governments. Because the governments of these emerging economies are too eager to attract foreign investments, they have introduced speedy processes with negligible bureaucratic formalities. Mostly all approvals are given from a single window whereby the investing company can get all licenses and approvals from a single office. Once Westfarmers makes the financial resources available, the approvals to invest in India will be given within two months, after which the company is free to enter and purchase land and buildings and other infrastructure to initiate its expansion plans. It is important to note that entry routes into these countries for the purpose of doing business are very easy and convenient because both economies stand to gain because of the inflow of capital, which will lead to economic development and increase in employment opportunities. The entire process of getting the necessary approvals of establishing and setting up facilities in the two countries will not take more than three months. Entering into the international market comes with increased costs and risks. Therefore, firms must be critical while deciding on the internationalization. Critical analysis of the international expansion strategies will enable the firm establish and benefit from the international markets. The key areas to focus on while setting up business in China and India are land, buildings, infrastructure and availability of resources. Westfarmers will have to do a lot of sourcing of local merchandise, products and food items from within the given countries in complying with the tastes of local consumers. Setting up an effective framework for thi s will take four months because there will be a large number of products and items for which prior sourcing arrangements will have to be made by partnering with local producers and suppliers. Performing cost benefit analysis will go a long way in determining the extent of profitability Westfarmers will be able to achieve with its investments in China and India. The objective is to gain in a new market for which costs will have to be provided for research, cost of production, cost of marketing, wages to workers, costs of investments and other miscellaneous expenses. It is essential to conduct a thorough market research in order to get correct facts about the market and about consumer preferences so that appropriate marketing strategies can be framed for different consumer segments. Conducting market research and getting and applying its outcomes will take another three months, but this is essential for Westfarmers to get a correct picture of the environment in which it will operate. In essence, the company’s corporate strategy will have to be aligned with the market needs of the two countries, which will obviously be different for each region. The next step will be to leverage the value chains that fit well with the investment priorities of the company. This process will take another six months. For any retail company it is very important to frame a well organized franchise strategy because it plays a major role in making value chain management more effective. The next stage for Westfarmers will be to establish an efficient distribution system because international chain stores require implementation of specific techniques to remain competitive. The ways in which the company manages its distribution system will have an important bearing on its market position. Efficiency in value chain management will entail a great deal of competitive advantages for Westfarmers. This process will take four months after which Westfarmers can confidently commence its busi ness operations in the respective markets. The next stage in the business cycle will be the design and implementation of appropriate marketing strategies in order to attract customers. An appropriate positioning strategy will have to be devised by including the most efficient elements of product, price, promotion and place (markets). The objective will be to use the research outcomes in the best ways in order to survive in the competition, win a steady flow of customers in each segment and to retain loyal customers by constantly offering them value propositions for the purchases they make in Westfarmers stores across the country. Designing and implementing the marketing strategy for different market segments can be quite tricky, particularly for retail companies because of the intense competition in the sector whereby customers can switch stores with the slightest provocation by way of being attracted by the propositions of other operators or by being put off with even minor deficie ncies in service. Overall, the implementation of marketing programs will take two months after which their outcomes will begin emerging in terms of customer visits to the stores. Therefore, in these 24 months, Westfarmers will be in a strong position to determine its future course of action in terms of future investments in the two countries. References Aiginger, K 2006, â€Å"Competitiveness: from a dangerous obsession to a welfare creating ability with positive externalities,† Journal of Industrial Trade and Competition, vol.6 no.3, pp.63–66. Alfaro, L, Chanda, A, Kalemli-Ozcan, S Sayek, S 2004, â€Å"FDI and economic growth, the role of local financial markets,† Journal of International Economics, vol.64 no.2, pp.113-134. Anders, P 2008, â€Å"Strategy antecedents of modes of entry into foreign markets,† Journal of Business Research, vol.61 no.2, pp.132-137. Arregle J, Hebert, L Beamish, P 2006, â€Å"Mode of international entry: the advantages of m ultilevel methods,† Management International Review, vol.46 no.5, pp.597-611. Aulakh, P Kotabe, M 2007, â€Å"Antecedents and performance implications of channel integration in foreign markets,† Journal of International Business Studies, vol.8 no.1, pp.145-175. Belin, J Pham, C 2007, â€Å"Global expansion: balancing a uniform performance culture with local conditions,† Strategy leadership, vol.35 no.6, pp.44-73. Blomstermo, A, Sharma, D Sallis, J 2006, â€Å"Choice of foreign market entry mode in service firms,† International Marketing Review, vol.23 no.2, pp.211-213. Chen, L Mujtaba, B 2007, â€Å"The choice of entry mode strategies and decisions for international market expansion,† Journal of American Academy of Business, vol.10 no.2, pp.322-344. Davies, H Ellis, P 2000, â€Å"Porter’s competitive advantage of nations: time for the final judgment?† Journal of Management Studies, vol.37 no.2, pp.1189–1213. Dunning, J 200 3, â€Å"Internationalizing porter’s diamond,† management International Review, vol.30 no.6, pp.5-13. Porter, M 2000, â€Å"Location, competition, and economic development: Local clusters in a global economy,† Economic Development Quarterly, vol.14 no.1, pp.15–35. Rawski, T 2011, â€Å"The rise of china’s economy.† Journal of Foreign Policy, vol.16 no.6, pp.732-746. Wernerfelt, B 2009, â€Å"A resource-based view of the firm,† Strategic Management Journal, vol.15 no.26, pp.2171–2180. Westfarmers Limited 2012, 2012 annual report, Westfarmers Limited In-house publishing, Portsmouth, Australia. https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/ Appendix Wesfarmers Ltd (WES) Balance Sheet Period Ending: 2012 30/06 2011 30/06 2010 30/06 2009 30/06 Total Current Assets 10911 10218 9674 9944 Cash and Short Term Investments 2279 1885 2705 3127 Cash 417 264 237 311 Cash Equivalents 112 97 85 79 Short Term Investments 1750 1524 2383 2737 Total Receivables, Net 2922 2704 2086 1893 Accounts Receivables – Trade, Net 1733 1506 1322 1279 Total Inventory 5006 4987 4658 4665 Prepaid Expenses 133 92 25 68 Other Current Assets, Total 571 550 200 191 Total Assets 42312 40814 39236 39062 Property/Plant/Equipment, Total – Net 9463 8302 7542 6912 Property/Plant/Equipment, Total – Gross 14248 12403 11158 9835 Accumulated Depreciation, Total -4785 -4101 -3616 -2923 Goodwill, Net 16097 16227 16206 16273 Intangibles, Net 4393 4353 4328 4365 Long Term Investments 677 1001 679 410 Note Receivable – Long Term 33 9 28 211 Other Long Term Assets, Total 738 704 779 947 Other Assets, Total – – – – Total Current Liabilities 10747 8722 7852 7561 Accounts Payable 5420 5059 4603 4054 Payable/Accrued – – – – Accrued Expenses 1035 954 – – Notes Payable/Short Term Debt 570 266 205 197 Current Port. of LT Debt/Capital Leases 1051 – 99 437 Other Current liabilities, Total 2671 2443 2945 2873 Total Liabilities 16685 15485 14542 14814 Total Long Term Debt 3881 4613 5049 5535 Long Term Debt 3881 4613 5049 5535 Capital Lease Obligations – – – – Total Debt 5502 4879 5353 6169 Deferred Income Tax – – – – Minority Interest – – – – Other Liabilities, Total 2057 2150 1641 1718 Total Equity 25627 25329 24694 24248 Redeemable Preferred Stock, Total – – – – Preferred Stock – Non Redeemable, Net – – – – Common Stock, Total 23286 23286 23286 23286 Additional Paid-In Capital 24 24 24 24 Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) 2414 2119 1491 1024 Treasury Stock – Common – – – – ESOP Debt Guarantee – – – – Unrealized Gain (L oss) – – – – Other Equity, Total -97 -100 -107 -86 Total Liabilities Shareholders’ Equity 42312 40814 39236 39062 Total Common Shares Outstanding 1157.07 1157.07 1157.07 1157.07 Source: https://www.investing.com/equities/wesfarmers-limited-balance-sheet Wesfarmers Ltd (WES) Revenue Growth Year over year, Wesfarmers Limited has been able to grow revenues from A$54.5B AUD to A$57.7B AUD. Most impressively, the company has been able to reduce the percentage of sales devoted to cost of goods sold from 67.75% to 67.26%. This was a driver that led to a bottom line growth from A$1.9B AUD to A$2.1BAUD. This report on Internationalization and Global Expansion of Westfarmers limited was written and submitted by user Ellen Sharpe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Violence and Video Games - Violent Games Contrast Essay Sample

Violence and Video Games - Violent Games Contrast Essay SampleIf you are looking for a way to make your students realize the power of applying some of the latest methods of persuasive communication then consider the Violent Games Contrast Essay Sample. This can be a fun and engaging format in which you can allow students to write about their feelings of anger in response to violent video games.They will get an idea that there is something very powerful to just let their feelings show through. The violence inherent in these games is a problem that everyone in this world should be aware of. It is not acceptable for children to play with violent video games and try to manipulate their emotions by going into battle mode.Now, if you are asking yourself, why would I use this for my present student, the answer is simple. In the studies on the effect of media violence, you will find that you can get a very accurate measurement of what the effect will be. Every study on this topic will have a lmost the same results. This form of the test gives you the perfect opportunity to use the different ways of presenting the situation to your student to highlight what is important to them.To help your student decide whether or not they agree with the fact that violent games are a problem or not, you can provide a mock scenario for them to examine. Simply ask them to imagine that they are watching a movie and they are playing a violent video game and the player ends up shooting someone and he is immediately accused of being violent.You can ask your student to reflect on what kind of reaction he or she would have if he or she was watching a violent video game instead. After which, you can continue the argument by asking the next question, 'Do you believe the student has a problem with the violence inherent in these video games?'Most students will be willing to say that they do have a problem with the violence inherent in the violent video game, but you can continue the argument by as king them if there is any danger of playing violent video games? Once they have made their statement, then you can continue the argument by asking the following question, 'Are you afraid that playing violent video games might cause you to shoot someone?' By answering yes to the first question and saying no to the second, you will be able to demonstrate the power of negative control over your students' responses.These questions will help you teach the power of the positive response in the presence of a violent video game. Don't wait for your students to be angry when you try to use this technique.

Ask a Literary Publicist Vol 2 First Steps and Social

Ask a Literary Publicist Vol 2 First Steps and Social Ask an Award-Winning Literary Publicist #2 First Steps and Social Media Sandra Goroff is a veteran award-winning literary publicist with Reedsy. Over her illustrious 30-year (and counting) career, she has worked in-house at Houghton Mifflin and represented authors the likes of Clive Cussler, Maurice Sendak, Chris Van Allsburg, Hollywood legend Kirk Douglas, and former president Jimmy Carter.In her second guest post, Sandy will answer questions submitted by authors, shining some light on how to best approach publicity as an author.(Face)book publicityQ: â€Å"What does a publicist cover in today’s social media environment?†You are right that social media has changed the landscape of publicity. It has transformed much, but not all of it. It is only one (albeit an important one) of the many tools and venues we use to promote our work, and, in this instance, books and authors.The social networksThe benefit that professional publicists bring to the process is all about experience, access and contacts.   An experienced publicist brings years of strong working relationships to the table. They know how to develop story angles, use the news, find the journalists and writers, match you with appropriate media (print, broadcast and social), build upon your core audience, and maximize exposure. In addition, they understand timing, how to work (or not work) with bookstores, set up events, and, when needed, how to collaborate with an in-house team.This does not mean that a hard-working author - even a first time author - cannot do this by themselves, for themselves. It means that most of time, a good publicist can do it faster and more effectively, with all the right contacts and know-how already in place. The learning curve for first time writers (or all authors who are writers and not publicists) is steep. And while all things are possible, it depends on how hard you want to work and whether you are familiar with this often overwhelming world. Is there anything you’d like to ask Sandy about book publicity? Drop your question  at this link  and it might feature in our next column.